bb Albert Provocateur: June 2011

Albert Provocateur

Monday, June 13, 2011

Countdown

The count to “down” has begun, and we’re all strapped in to take that power surge to lethargy, hopelessness, and feelings of worthless. No one is immune, in these times of economic hardship, when selling a mother-in-law for a tank of gas becomes not such a bad idea. How did it all start? Where did it come from? Why are the air waves and magazine ads so full of the trance-like visages and the artificial smiles of mental zombies hawking the wares of pharmaceutical leviathans bent on addicting us all to powdered sunshine, in the form of pills, capsules, and tablets, to the tune of greenback or euro billions in treasure trove earnings?

Down for the count, or count as we go down. Let’s face it, life is no picnic, and it’s getting no easier, as our worries mount and our life’s savings go the way of the horse and buggy. Sending our troops to war to keep them employed and off our streets has created an enormous financial shortfall and an army of the homeless and destitute middle class back home, who have no jobs, no health insurance, and no viable nest eggs to cover mortgage payments, spiraling gasoline costs, and the high price of sending junior to college. It’s no wonder that depression has become a best friend and bed partner, as we pray in Chinese to puppet masters across the Pacific, who produce everything today but our children. So, let’s do the math, as countdown numbers decrease, and our anticipatory downward trajectory begins.

Ten. Let it be known that depression affects 1 in 6 Americans, with women bearing the brunt of its weight. Diabetics are particularly vulnerable, although no one is sure what actually causes the illness. A sudden life event, a serious illness, or simple everyday chronic stress may trigger depression-causing biochemical changes in the brain, and then that’s all she wrote. In addition, the association of depression with diabetes, heart disease, stroke, HIV/AIDS, cancer, and Parkinson’s disease leaves the door open to a wealth of exotic theories on its origins.

Nine. The definition of depression has been hashed and rehashed ad nauseam. While we know that its signs and symptoms must last at least two weeks to fit the paradigm, we are often caught off guard when the former are atypical and run the gamut from irritability, restlessness, and anger to physical symptoms such as headaches, digestive problems, and a worsening of chronic pain symptoms.

Eight. While depression is often a subtle companion whose talons don’t draw blood, its toll on the ability to work, develop and maintain friendships, establish intimate relationships, raise families, and engage in self-improvement is undeniable. Swallowing a barrel and pulling the trigger is extreme in most cases; eating too much and cutting out physical activity to the point of obesity is not. When blood sugar goes up, depressive symptoms worsen, to the joy of cavity-drilling dentists caught in an economic slump, and the chagrin of those of us who cast daily headlong stares into our bathroom and dressing room mirrors.

Unlucky seven. Teaching a depressed person to think or behave differently, in order to shut down negative thoughts and actions, is not as easy as it sounds. Sad, sleep-deprived, emotionally exhausted patients with chronic aches and pains are fertile terrains for failure of behavioral modification. It’s not that they don’t want to improve and feel better. They just don’t have the bag of tricks at their disposal to be successful.

Six, and we’re halfway there. So, when teaching fails, it becomes necessary to call in the big guns, namely, the antidepressants. They come in all shapes and sizes, and one size does not fit all. Trial and error is the name of the game here, as only 6 out of 10 people feel better after following the treatment regimen with their first antidepressant. The most common and widely used antidepressants are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which all of us have seen advertised between segments of our favorite morning news programs or at Sunday half-inning, quarter, or film intermission. Household names like Prozac (fluoxetine) and Zoloft (sertraline) work by increasing available serotonin in the brain, whose shortage is postulated to cause depression.

Five. Antidepressants do not kick into high gear immediately. In fact, they are downright slow, and can take up to several weeks to elicit their desired effects. Their ultimate success may come at a price, however, as weak and depressed patients may then find the force to carry out their suicidal ideations, or, at the least, fall victim to the potpourri of side effects inherent in the antidepressant beast. The latter encompass a daytime plethora of unfriendly fellas such as constipation, daytime sleepiness, diarrhea, dizziness, dry mouth, headache, nausea, sexual problems, shakiness (with exotic names such as tardive dyskinesia and others), lip smacking, trouble sleeping, and weight gain. While side effects may disappear in a few weeks, there is no guarantee that they will not last until discontinuation of the medication.

Four, and we’re getting there. We’ve heard the horror stories, and we decide to go the herbal route. So, we mount our trusty, gas-guzzling SUVs, and go down to our local neighborhood Walgreens or Wal-Mart pharmacies to pick up the newest installment of St. John’s wort or some such other herbal magic bullet in the good fight against depression. What we fail to recognize is the fact that such over-the-counter herbal supplements, which require no prescription or authorized professional supervision, can be dangerous if used with certain drugs.

As the countdown reaches three, we make one last stand, before lowering our colors and hoisting the white flag. We begin an exercise program to alleviate the symptoms of depression. Many studies have linked physical activity to improved mood. Not only does exercise boost spirits, but it takes no Oprah, Doctor Phil, or Doctor Oz to attest to the innumerable ways in which it can improve general health.

Two. Almost there. Our engines begin to rumble, and we try to reign in stress. Actually, taking on too much stress, whether that be in the workplace, at home, or in our day-to-day relationships, can make us vulnerable to depression. Carefully monitoring our stress levels, whether that be via timeouts, vacations, yoga, or an “unplugging” at the same time everyday, can go a long way to aborting the count.

Finally, one. Sometimes God helps those who cannot help themselves. A simple distress call to the Almighty or to our friends and family will set the wheels in motion on the road to recovery. We can’t solve the problem unless we acknowledge its full ramifications, admit our inability to go it alone, and call in the necessary players to act in our behalf and in concert with us.

If we permit the countdown to reach zero, blast-off will take us to new heights. Unfortunately, they will not be of this world!

Copyright 2011, Albert M. Balesh, M.D. All rights reserved.

Saturday, June 11, 2011

Sugar Plum Fairies

Ask any layman what diabetes is, and chances are that he or she can give you a somewhat accurate answer. Not so for the connection between type 2 diabetes and sleep, as the sugar plum fairies of Tom, Dick, or Harry are anything but innocuous. With 35 percent of Americans reporting less than the recommended seven to nine hours of sleep each night, the gate has been flung open to a horde of health problems on the morning’s horizon, ranging from sleep apnea and compromised immunity to high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. This wasn’t always the case, however, as Americans used to sleep more in the good old days. Between 1959 and 2002, as the story goes, with the good life becoming ever so much more difficult to attain, and with a shift in the collective psyche toward a workaholic paradigm, the percentage of people sleeping fewer than seven hours a night on a regular basis more than doubled. At the same time, the number of cases of diabetes grew precipitously, and almost overnight the young at heart went from dreaming sugar plum fairies to becoming plump, highly sugared, diabetic patients. Recent studies bear this out.
In a 1999 study published in The Lancet, when a group of healthy young people was restricted to just four hours sleep for six nights in a row, its collective ability to use sugar shifted dramatically to that of old men, demonstrating that adequate sleep promotes not only sound minds but also healthy bodies. Then came a study published in the 2008 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences demonstrating the influence of deep, or slow-wave, sleep on the risk of developing diabetes. When deep sleep was restricted, metabolic changes increasing the risk of diabetes occurred. Voilà! It became clear that not only the amount but also the quantity of sleep were key to diabetes prevention. Now, while these and other studies show that sleep can affect sugar metabolism, there has been no definitive proof to date that inadequate sleep causes diabetes. To assert anything else would be tantamount to laying claim to being an eyewitness to unicorns, fairies, or the Loch Ness monster. The jury is still out, however, and the evidence is mounting. For example, a 2010 study in Diabetes Care found that people with sleep problems or some form of chronic insomnia are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than sound sleepers. So, the next time the boss at work catches you taking a snooze or an afternoon siesta, just claim you’re increasing your productivity by preventing type 2 diabetes.
Now, this is all well and good, but let’s not place the cart before the horse in all cases. What about those unfortunate souls that are already prey to diabetes? How does sleep affect their conditions? The relationship between adequate sleep and enhanced immunity has been shown time and time again, but what about the connection between sleep and hemoglobin A1C (or average blood sugar over two to three months)? The reader knows where this is going. Otherwise, the author would have never brought it up. A 2006 study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, in fact, found that diabetics reporting poor quality sleep were victim to higher A1Cs. Not only that, but a chain of events is set in motion that leads to high blood pressure also, and we have all heard in our favorite televised news programs that lack of sleep makes dieting that much more difficult.
The brain has an internal clock, or circadian rhythm, as it is commonly known, that is closely linked to sugar metabolism and other bodily functions. When the clock is out of synch, due to too little sleep, sleep at the wrong times, or unnatural sleep, as well as a high-fat diet, the normal harmony between the clock and behavior is disrupted. Instead of the pancreas producing more insulin by day and more glucagon, an additional hormone to keep the body fueled, at night, chaos ensues. So, once again, sleep becomes a major protagonist, center stage, in the drama of diabetes. The question remains, however, does better sleep in habitually poor sleepers prevent or improve diabetes? Can something as simple as sleep be a magic bullet in the arsenal amassed against this chronic malady? While it is still too early to tell, studies have shown that treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) improves both sleep and blood sugar levels. There may be a direct connection, indeed!
To ensure that sugar plum fairies are the food of our dreams, and not the result of our dreams of food, we can make a concerted effort to get more and better sleep by scheduling bed and wake-up times at the same times each day, avoiding nicotine, caffeine, and alcohol, exercising early, not late, in the day, removing the television from the bedroom, not going to bed on a full or empty stomach, and, when all else fails, seeking professional help for prescription or over-the-counter sleep medications. Being a dreamer has had a bad connotation for far too long now!

© 2011, Albert M. Balesh, M.D. All rights reserved.